Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a plant virus having a. Bunchy top disease of banana caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv, genus babuvirus family nanoviridae is one of the most important constraints in production of banan. The disease, often called bbtd for banana bunchy top disease, gets its name from the bunchy appearance of infected plants. Bunchy top of banana banana bunchy top virus erect leaves, narrower and smaller than healthy leaves, with yellow edges. Banana bunchy top control order department of primary. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded ss plant dna virus and the type member of the genus babuvirus in the family nanoviridae. Namratha nd, narayan bm, chougal a, chidanand ar 2018 development of rapidot immunoassays for the detection of banana bunchy top virus. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the most devastating virus disease of bananas. Page 2 of 4 j agri sci food res, an open access journal volume 9 issue 4 245. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology. Infected plants cannot recover and will serve as a source of viral. Bunchy top disease of banana is one of the most devastating diseases caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv that results in a significant loss of yield, stunting and bunchy appearance of leaves.
Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most serious diseases of banana. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a threat to hawaii bananas. Look carefully to see how minor veins are hooked jshaped as they join the midrib in infected plants. Post a photo of it here and we will take a look at it. Infected plants rarely produce a fruit bunch after infection and do. We have designed primers to a conserved region of the master replicationassociated protein that are useful for the polymerase chain reaction pcrmediated. Leaves infected with banana bunchy top virus photo.
Banana bunchy top disease can be effectively controlled by the eradication of diseased plants and the use of virustested planting material. Towards understanding the structure of the capsid of. The rate of virus free plant regeneration from banana bunchy top virus bbtv infected plants was 57. Study the patterns of banana bunchy top virus spread in commercial fields 3. The banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most economically important vectorborne banana diseases throughout the asiapacific basin and presents a significant challenge to the agricultural sector. View of differential biochemical response among banana musa. The global distribution of banana bunchy top virus reveals. Estimating a novel stochastic model for withinfield disease. Bbtv causes bunchy top disease of banana and plantain. Bbtv is diagnosed by identifying symptoms of diseased plants or by submitting a banana leaf sample to test for the banana bunchy top virus.
Movement and transmission of banana bunchy top virus. View of differential biochemical response among banana. The disease is causing severe damage in malawi and dr congo while it has only recently. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a plant pathogenic virus of the family nanoviridae known for infecting banana plants and other crops. Identification was based on symptomatology, sizemorphology of the virus particles 20. The cooperative extension service 1997 states that, \banana bunchy top virus is spread by the banana aphid, which acquires the virus after at least four but usually about 18 hours of feeding on an infected plant.
Banana bunchy top bunchy top virus or banana virus 1 or musa virus1 first reported from fiji in 1889 in cavendish varieties around 1940, introduced into india from srilanka through cyclone. The disease is widespread in asia and south pacific regions. Family nanoviridae is a phytopathogenic virus associated with bunchy top disease of banana has become a major threat to banana and plantain cultivation in india and in several tropical regions of the world and cause significant yield losses. The banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded dna virus 1820 nm in diameter that causes bunchy top in bananas. Banana bunchy top is a viral disease caused by a singlestranded dna virus called the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Bunchy top or curly top or cabbage top or strangles disease. It causes bun chy top disease of banana and plantain. It was first identified in fiji in 1891, and has spread around the world and thereafter from almost all the potential banana growing areas of the world. Pdf banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded ss plant dna virus and the type member of the genus babuvirus in the. Additionally, bbtv dna component one did not appear to replicate in its aphid vector, pentalonia nigronervosa. Return to article details differential biochemical response among banana musa spp. Molecular characterization of banana bunchy top virus. The purpose of this article is to enhance ones ability to recognize bunchy top and the aphid vector.
Although unequivocal evidence by reproduction of the disease through inoculation of purified virions or cloned genomic components is lacking, definitive association of bbtv with bunchy top disease was demonstrated by insect vectormediated transmission of bbtv from an. Banana bunchy top virus and its vector pentalonia nigronervosa. The aphid can retain the virus through its adult life, for a period of 1520 days. The virus is transmitted in a persistent manner by the banana aphid. In july 2011, banana and plantain that displayed stunting and leaf symptoms typical of banana bunchy top disease were observed to be widespread in dangbo commune, oueme department, benin. Genotypes against banana bunchy top virus bbtv download download pdf. Once established, it is extremely difficult to eradicate or manage. Evidence for a viral agent a virus, bbtv, is the causal agent of bunchy top disease of banana. Its integral genome consists of at least six circular ssdna genome components and is associated with all geographical isolates of bbtv. The cooperative extension service 1997 states that, \ banana bunchy top virus is spread by the banana aphid, which acquires the virus after at least four but usually about 18 hours of feeding on an infected plant. To identify the cause of the disease, a roving survey was conducted in december 2011 in nine locations in avrankou, dangbo, akpromisserete and porto. Eradication of banana bunchy top virus bbtv and banana. This study focused on the production of bbtvfree plantain seedlings from infected banana plants.
Ground zero is hibberdene on the lower kzn south coast. The most economically important viruses of banana and plantain are banana bunchy top virus bbtv, a complex of banana streak viruses bsvs and banana bract mosaic virus bbrmv. Bbtv is known to cause the most serious economic losses in the old world, contributing to a yield reduction of up to 100% and responsible for a dramatic. Use of polymerase chain reaction pcr to study transmission. Bunchy top is a viral disease caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Bbtv, an 1820 nm isometric virus, has a multicomponent genome consisting of at least six components of circular ssdna ranging in size between 1018 and 1111 nucleotides burns, 1994. Studies over the past 100 years have contributed to important knowledge on disease biology, distribution, and spread. Aphid transmission of banana bunchy top virus to bananas. Like many viruses, bbtv was named after the symptoms seen, where the infected plants are stunted and have bunchy leaves at the top. One may diagnose banana bunchy top more accurately by observing the more subtle disease symptoms associated with leaf veins morse code, green jhooks and petioles mottling, rather than the bunchy appearance of leaves, which can have.
A polymerase chain reaction pcr assay was used to study bbtv transmission efficiency, to determine the minimum acquisition. Pdf banana bunchy top virus and the bunchy top disease. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd, caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv, is the most important viral disease of bananas musa spp. Banana bunchy top disease is a major constraint to banana production in most regions where this crop is grown. Bunchy top of banana symptoms epidemiology management. Towards understanding the structure of the capsid of banana. We analyzed 171 banana leaf samples from fourteen countries and recovered, cloned, and sequenced 855 complete bbtv components including ninetyfour full genomes. Banana bunchy top virus the banana knowledge platform of. The disease is caused by b anana bunchy top virus bbtv, which is transmitted by banana aphids pentalonia nigronervosa coquerel. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded ss plant dna virus and the type member of the genus babuvirus in th. We analyzed 171 banana leaf samples from fourteen countries and recovered, cloned, and sequenced 855 complete bbtv components. Movement of banana bunchy top virus 2281 hybridization of rna probes to plant extracts. First report of banana bunchy top virus in banana musa spp. Plants with banana bunchy top bbt have narrow, progressively shorter leaves.
While many isolates of bbtv from various regions of india have been characterized by different groups, no structural study. The species that vector the disease is dependent on the geographical location. Banana bunchy top disease bbt is one of the most serious diseases of banana. Banana is the major staple food crop for approximately 400 million people. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the causal microorganism of this disease. An agentbased computer simulation on banana bunchy top disease, international journal of environment agriculture and biotechnology,vol.
Production of banana bunchy top virus bbtvfree plantain. The disease is caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv, a multicomponent, singlestranded dna virus of the family nanoviridae. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd is the most economically important virus disease of bananas. Papaya bunchy top disease is found only in tropical areas within the americas. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv babuvirus, nanoviridae is one of the most economically important diseases of bananas musa spp. Bbtv is diagnosed by identifying symptoms of diseased plants or by submitting a banana leaf. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a ssdna virus transmitted by the banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa. Estimating a novel stochastic model for withinfield. Genotypes against banana bunchy top virus bbtv download download pdf differential biochemical response among banana musa spp.
We have designed primers to a conserved region of the master replicationassociated protein that are useful for the polymerase chain reaction pcr. Papaya bunchy top disease was first discovered in 1931 in puerto rico. Banana bunchy top virus is a ss dna virus with single. Management of banana bunchy top virus in hawaii western sare. Potential yield losses of 90 to 100%, especially with cavendish subgroup of the aaa cultivar group aaa, have been reported in both smallscale farms and. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and. Incidence of banana bunchy top disease in west java. Banana bunchy top virus and the bunchy top disease springerlink. Banana bunchy top virus an overview sciencedirect topics.
Pots of tissuecultured banana plants developed by team. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most important banana diseases in the democratic republic of congo. Early on, the identity of the pathogen was highly contested due to the inability of isolating it. Banana bunchy top virus and the bunchy top disease. Banana and plantain are also known to be susceptible to five other viruses of minor significance, such as abaca mosaic virus, abaca bunchy top virus, banana mild mosaic virus, banana virus x, and cucumber mosaic virus. A total of 10 suckers from the french plantain litete musa aab and the false horn plantain libanga likale musa aab with advanced bbtd.
Determine disease parameters that are important to the development of virus management practices team members harvest banana bunches and look for plants infected with banana bunchy top virus. Development of rapidot immunoassays for the detection of. Current models of bbtv are largely deterministic, limited by an incomplete understanding of interactions in complex natural systems, and the appropriate identification of parameters. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd is an aphidtransmitted virus disease of banana plants. An agentbased computer simulation on banana bunchy top disease. Transgenic virus resistance is now considered one of the most promising strategies to control bbtv. It was first identified in fiji in 1879, and has spread around the world since then. Although the disease was first reported in the late 1880s, the virus itself, which was originally classified as a luteovirus, was isolated in the late 1980s and reassigned to the nanoviridae family in the genus babuvirus. Banana bunchy top disease in pakistan khalid 1993 plant. A pcrbased method, with internal control, for the detection. Systemicity of banana bunchy top viral infection in the. Virus host plants banana, plantain, abaca, wild banana, bird of paradise, ginger affected plant stages all growth stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms the initial symptom is the presence of darkgreen spots on the petioles, midribs, and leaf veins of the newly emerging leaves.
Banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most damaging banana diseases in affected tropical regions of africa, asia and the pacific. Ron heu, survey entomologist plants infected with banana. The cause of a banana disease in the province of sindh, pakistan, was attributed to banana bunchy top virus. Scientists have previously believed that papaya bunchy top disease was caused by a virus, a mycoplasmalike organism mlo, or a phytoplasma, but these possible pathogens have. An agentbased computer simulation on banana bunchy top. Membranes were prehybridized in 510 ml of hybridization buffer 50% formamide, 0. Current models of bbtv are largely deterministic, limited by an incomplete understanding of interactions in complex natural systems, and the appropriate identification of. A virus first detected as far back as 1891 in fiji has found its way to south africa. Family nanoviridae is a phytopathogenic virus associated with bunchy top disease of banana has become a major threat to banana and plantain cultivation in india and in several tropical. The disease is caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv, which is transmitted by. Bbtvinfected banana plants in a commercial orchard were treated with roundup weathermax herbicide.
Banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv, is the most serious virus disease of banana and plantain worldwide. Before destruction, diseased plants should first be sprayed with power kerosene or insecticide to kill all viruliferous aphids. Nov 12, 2015 banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most damaging banana diseases in affected tropical regions of africa, asia and the pacific. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa network. It is present across all of south asia and the pacific and is currently spreading in southern africa. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv causes one of the most devastating diseases of banana. Pathogenderived resistance pdr strategies have been applied successfully to generate plants that are resistant to. Detection of the bbtv infection in the planting material could help in the effective management of the disease in banana.
Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the impact of using a herbicide as a bananacide on aphid transmission of banana bunchy top virus family nanoviridae, genus babuvirus, bbtv to healthy banana musa spp. The aphids occur widely in florida, but the pathogen has not been. Endophytic bacteria induces systemic resistance against banana bunchy top virus. A multipronged approach has been taken to characterize banana bunchy top virus and its causes, spread and potential control in hawaii. Movement and transmission of banana bunchy top virus dna. This document supplements the information in pd12 banana bunchy top virus, which is available. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv00overview eppo global database. Feb 26, 2018 a virus first detected as far back as 1891 in fiji has found its way to south africa. Banana bunchy top virus bbtvinfected plants are stunted with pale yellow margins and a characteristic dotdash pattern. Using polymerase chain reaction, the time after herbicide. By that time, however, the virus has most likely been spread to other plants by the banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa. It is vectored by two species of leafhopper, empoasca papayae oman sein and empoasca stevensi young.
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